Based on the information I have researched, this is a list of all the Empires that have had an affect on human history. In the coming months, I intend to list the years that they were in power as well as a little about their dynasty's an the affect they had on humanity while they were in power.
1. Sumer and Akkad
2. Elam
3. Hurrian kingdoms
4. Assyria
5. Hittite Empire
6. Median Empire 625-550BCE
7. Achaemenid Empire 559-330BCE
8. Parthian Empire
9. Sassanid Empire
10. Ancient Africa
11. Ancient Egypt
12. Kush
13. Aksumite Empire
14. Greek powers 800BCE – 146BCE
15. Athens 480BCE – 404BCE
16. Sparta
17. Macedonia
18. Hellenistic Kingdoms
19. Seleucid Empire
20. Ptolemaic Egypt
21. Carthage
22. Ancient India
23. Nanda Empire
24. Maurya Empire
25. Sunga Empire
26. Satavahana Empire
27. Gupta Empire
28. Pāla Empire
29. Ancient China
30. Qin Dynasty
31. Han Dynasty 206 BC – AD 220
32. Xiongnu
33. Roman Empire 27BCE –
34. Hunnic Empire 370-454AD
35. Medieval Powers 476-1492AD
36. Medieval Middle and Near East –
37. Byzantine Empire 330 – 1453AD
38. Medieval Turkic Empires – Göktürk
39. Uyghur Khaganate 8th century
40. Great Seljuk Empire 1040–1154 AD
41. Arab Caliphates 632 – 1258 AD
42. Rashidun Caliphate
43. Umayyad Caliphate
44. Abbasid Caliphate
45. Al-Andalus 711-1492
46. Fatimid Caliphate 909-1171
47. Ayyubid Sultanate 1171–1246
48. Bahri Mamluks Empire 1250–1380
49. Bulgaria 800s - 1000s
50. Serbia 1346–1402
51. Georgia 1184–1225
52. Ghaznavid Empire 960s – 998
53. Timurid Empire 1370–1526
54. Medieval China and Far East region
55. Tang Dynasty 630s - 800s
56. Song Dynasty 990s - 1080s
57. Mongol Empire 1206 - 1370s
58. Yuan Dynasty 1271–1368
59. Ming Dynasty 1370s - 1550s
60. Medieval Europe
61. Frankish Empire 790s - 840s
62. Kingdom of Germany and after
63. Medieval Kingdom of Hungary 1000-1526
64. Jagiellon Dynasty 1386–1572
65. Norman Empire 1017–1154
66. Papacy 756 – 1870
67. Kingdom of Sicily 1059–1250
68. Republic of Genoa 1099–1380
69. Medieval Venetial Republic 1204–1489
70. Capetian Kingdom of France 987–1453
71. Angevin Empire 1154–1453
72. Kingdoms of Aragon 1340s - 1480s
73. Kingdom of Castile 1230–1480
74. Kalmar Union 1397–1523
75. Medieval Africa
76. Mali Empire 1300-1450
77. Ethopian Empire 1137 – 1975
78. Medieval India
79. Chalukya Empire 543–753
80. Rashtrakuta Empire 753–982
81. Pala Empire 750–1174
82. Chola Empire 985-1200
83. Medieval Southeast Asia
84. Khmer Empire 802-1431
85. Srivijaya
86. American Pre-Columbain Empires
87. Maya Civilization 2000 BC to 250 AD
88. Inca Empire 1438 to 1533
89. Aztec Empire
90. Modern Powers – Early Modern Powers
91. France 1450s – 1815
92. Modern Venetian Republic 1489–1718
93. Qing Empire 1660s - 1700s
94. Persian Safavid Empire 1550s - 1700s
95. Dutch Republic 1581–1795
96. Early British Empire 1600–1815
97. Mughal Empire 1526 – 1857
98. Early Ottoman Empire 1400s – 1815
99. Poland – Lithuania 1569–1795
100. Portugal 1415 – 1815
101. Prussia
102. Early Spanish Empire 1492-1815
103. Sweden 1638–1663 and later 1784-1878.
104. Moscovian Empire and After 1400-1815
105. Maratha Empire 1674–1820
106. High modern historical powers 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries
107. Persian Qajar Empire 1794-1925
108. The Netherlands 1815–1949
109. France 1815–1956
110. Late British Empire 1815–1956
111. Late Spanish Empire 1815–1898
112. Austrian Empire (Austria-Hungary) 1867–1918 and 1815–1867
113. Prussia and after 1815–1871 and 1871–1945
114. Late Ottoman Empire 1815–1918
115. Russian Empire and after 1815–1917 and 1917–1991
116. Italian Empire 1895–1945
117. Empire of Japan 1895–1945
118. United States (America) 1848-Present - And to be a bit more accurate this World Power could be named the Anglo 118-American Dual World Power America & 110-Great Brittain.
And somewhere around the early 1920's The League of Nations followed by its successor The United Nations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_powers
Here's a few supporting charts:
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